Ancient Origins and Fortified Habitation:

Though unclear as to when the area was first inhabited, archaeological excavations reveal that Exombourgo has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of walls, dwellings, burial grounds, and public buildings. During the Archaic period, temples and sanctuaries, like the Thesmophorion, which was dedicated to Demeter and her daughter Persephone, were built. However, habitation shifted southward over time.

Medieval Fortress and Pirate Raids:

As pirate raids intensified in the early medieval period, Tinians were forced to abandon the coast and sought refuge on Exombourgo's strategic hill. There, they built their capital, fortifying it with impregnable walls and named it "Castle of Aghia Eleni" (St. Helen's Castle).

Ghisi and Venetian Rule:

In 1207, the Ghisi brothers arrived in Tinos Island, and established their rule, strengthening the castle's fortifications. For the next 183 years (1207-1390), Tinos remained under the rule and protection of the Ghisi Family. The Venetians, who took control in 1390, continued to enhance the castle, building watchtowers to monitor the Aegean Sea. The Venetians protected it for another 325 years (1390-1715), converting some of the inhabitants to Catholicism. Despite pirate Hairedin Barbarossa's brief conquest of the Castle on behalf of the Sultan in 1537, the Tinians rebelled and banished their conquerors, reclaiming the castle, and further fortifying it against Turkish attacks.

Ottoman Siege and Decline:

In 1715, the castle fell to the Ottoman siege. The Turks destroyed the castle and its fortifications, forcing its abandonment. The Turks did not fully recognize the strategic position of Tinos Island in the center of the Aegean Sea and the 360-degree view from its Castle and thus remained on the island only for a few years. A small population remained in the Castle until the late 19th century. A Catholic cathedral dedicated to St. John the Baptist was built in the mid-18th century. In 1900, a large marble cross was erected on the site of the Aghia Eleni church, a landmark visible across the island, which rises dominant over Tinos until today.

Remaining Churches and Enduring Faith:

Today, three churches stand at the Rock of Exombourgo as reminders glorious past of Tinos Island: Aghios Minas and Aghia Eleousa (both Orthodox), and the Shrine of the Holy Heart of Jesus (Catholic church, on the site of the medieval church of Aghia Sophia), tended by Jesuit priests since the 17th century. As always, faith continues to breathe life into history.

Experience Exombourgo from Crossroads Inn:

From Crossroads Inn in Tripotamos traditional village, located beneath the Rock of Exombourgo, guests can admire the imposing hill and explore its historical significance. Our concierge team can arrange hiking tours to the castle, offering insights into its rich past.